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Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company that Addicted America
by Beth Macy
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While more and more Americans die of drug overdose, it is impossible to not look back at the early days of what we now recognize as an epidemic and wonder what might have been done to slow or stop it. Kristi Fernandez's questions are not hers alone. Until we understand how we reached this place, America will remain a country where getting addicted is far easier than securing treatment.
* * *
The worst drug epidemic in American history didn't land in the bucolic northern Shenandoah Valley until 2012, when Ronnie Jones, a twice-convicted drug dealer from the Washington suburbs, arrived in the back of a Virginia Department of Corrections van and set about turning a handful of football players, tree trimmers, and farmers' kids who used pills recreationally into hundreds of heroin addicts, as police officers told the story.
The transition here, in the quiet town of Woodstock, was driven by the same twisted math I'd witnessed elsewhere, as many users began with prescriptions, then resorted to buying heroin from dealers and selling portions of their supply to fuel their next purchase. Because the most important thing for the morphine-hijacked brain is, always, not to experience the crushing physical and psychological pain of withdrawal: to avoid dopesickness at any cost.
To feed their addictions, many users recruit new customers. Who eventually recruit new customers. And the exponential growth continues until the cycle too often ends in jail or prison or worse—in a premature grave like Jesse's adorned with teddy bears, R2-D2 action figures, and the parting words of mothers like Kristi engraved in granite: UNTIL I TAKE MY FINAL BREATH, YOU WILL LIVE IN MY HEART.
* * *
To reach Ronnie Jones, I head north on the nearest "heroin highway," I-81. I travel roughly the same path in my car, only in reverse, that Jones's drugs did by bus, his heroin camouflaged inside Pringle's cans and plastic Walmart bags on the floor beside him or his hired drug runners.
On the suburban outskirts of Roanoke, I drive near the upper-middle-class subdivision of Hidden Valley, where a young woman I've been following for a year named Tess Henry was once a straight-A student and basketball star. At the moment, she's AWOL—her mother and I have no idea where she is—although sometimes we catch glimpses of her on our cellphones: a Facebook exchange between Tess and one of her heroin dealers, or a prostitution ad through which Tess will fund her next fix.
I pass Ginger's Jewelry, the high-end store where parents of the addicted still drive from two hours away simply because they can think of nowhere else to turn. They've read about Ginger's imprisoned son in the newspaper, and they want to ask her how to handle the pitfalls of raising an addicted child.
Up the Shenandoah Valley on the interstate, I pass New Market and think not of the men who fought in the famous 1864 Civil War battle but of the women who grew poppies for the benefit of wounded soldiers, harvesting morphine from the dried juice inside the seed pods. Three decades later, the German elixir peddlers at Bayer Laboratories would stock America's drugstores with a brand-new version of that same molecule, a pill marketed as both a cough remedy and a cure for the nation's soaring morphine epidemic, known as "morphinism," or soldier's disease. Its label looked like an amusement advertisement you might have seen on a circus poster, a word derived from the German for "heroic" and bracketed by a swirling ribbon frame: heroin. It was sold widely from drugstore counters, no prescription necessary, not only for veterans but also for women with menstrual cramps and babies with hiccups.
Outside Woodstock, I pass George's Chicken, the poultry-processing plant where Ronnie Jones first arrived to work in a Department of Corrections work-release program, clad in prison-issue khakis. I pass the house nearby where a cop I know spent days, nights, and weekends crouched under a bedroom window, surveilling Jones and his co-workers from behind binoculars—a fraction of the man-hours the government invested in putting members of Jones's heroin ring behind bars.
Excerpted from Dopesick by Beth Macy. Copyright © 2018 by Beth Macy. Excerpted by permission of Little Brown & Company. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
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